Alat Bash

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Ikhtisar

• Sesi bash persisten yang mempertahankan status
• Kemampuan untuk menjalankan perintah shell apa pun
• Akses ke variabel lingkungan dan direktori kerja
• Kemampuan perantaian perintah dan skrip

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Kompatibilitas model

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Kasus penggunaan

• Alur kerja pengembangan: Jalankan perintah build, tes, dan alat pengembangan
• Otomasi sistem: Jalankan skrip, kelola file, otomatisasi tugas
• Pemrosesan data: Proses file, jalankan skrip analisis, kelola dataset
• Penyiapan lingkungan: Instal paket, konfigurasi lingkungan

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Mulai cepat

import anthropic

client = anthropic.Anthropic()

response = client.messages.create(
    model="claude-sonnet-4-5",
    max_tokens=1024,
    tools=[
        {
            "type": "bash_20250124",
            "name": "bash"
        }
    ],
    messages=[
        {"role": "user", "content": "List all Python files in the current directory."}
    ]
)

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Cara kerjanya

1. Claude menentukan perintah apa yang akan dijalankan
2. Anda menjalankan perintah di shell bash
3. Kembalikan output (stdout dan stderr) ke Claude
4. Status sesi bertahan di antara perintah (variabel lingkungan, direktori kerja)

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Parameter

// Jalankan perintah
{
  "command": "ls -la *.py"
}

// Mulai ulang sesi
{
  "restart": true
}

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Contoh: Otomasi multi-langkah

# Permintaan pengguna
"Install the requests library and create a simple Python script that fetches a joke from an API, then run it."

# Claude's tool uses:
# 1. Install package
{"command": "pip install requests"}

# 2. Create script
{"command": "cat > fetch_joke.py << 'EOF'\nimport requests\nresponse = requests.get('https://official-joke-api.appspot.com/random_joke')\njoke = response.json()\nprint(f\"Setup: {joke['setup']}\")\nprint(f\"Punchline: {joke['punchline']}\")\nEOF"}

# 3. Run script
{"command": "python fetch_joke.py"}

​

Implementasikan alat bash

import subprocess
import threading
import queue

class BashSession:
    def __init__(self):
        self.process = subprocess.Popen(
            ['/bin/bash'],
            stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
            text=True,
            bufsize=0
        )
        self.output_queue = queue.Queue()
        self.error_queue = queue.Queue()
        self._start_readers()

def execute_command(self, command):
    # Send command to bash
    self.process.stdin.write(command + '\n')
    self.process.stdin.flush()
    
    # Capture output with timeout
    output = self._read_output(timeout=10)
    return output

for content in response.content:
    if content.type == "tool_use" and content.name == "bash":
        if content.input.get("restart"):
            bash_session.restart()
            result = "Bash session restarted"
        else:
            command = content.input.get("command")
            result = bash_session.execute_command(command)
        
        # Return result to Claude
        tool_result = {
            "type": "tool_result",
            "tool_use_id": content.id,
            "content": result
        }

def validate_command(command):
    # Block dangerous commands
    dangerous_patterns = ['rm -rf /', 'format', ':(){:|:&};:']
    for pattern in dangerous_patterns:
        if pattern in command:
            return False, f"Command contains dangerous pattern: {pattern}"
    
    # Add more validation as needed
    return True, None

​

Tangani kesalahan

{
  "role": "user",
  "content": [
    {
      "type": "tool_result",
      "tool_use_id": "toolu_01A09q90qw90lq917835lq9",
      "content": "Error: Command timed out after 30 seconds",
      "is_error": true
    }
  ]
}

{
  "role": "user",
  "content": [
    {
      "type": "tool_result",
      "tool_use_id": "toolu_01A09q90qw90lq917835lq9",
      "content": "bash: nonexistentcommand: command not found",
      "is_error": true
    }
  ]
}

{
  "role": "user",
  "content": [
    {
      "type": "tool_result",
      "tool_use_id": "toolu_01A09q90qw90lq917835lq9",
      "content": "bash: /root/sensitive-file: Permission denied",
      "is_error": true
    }
  ]
}

​

Ikuti praktik terbaik implementasi

def execute_with_timeout(command, timeout=30):
    try:
        result = subprocess.run(
            command, 
            shell=True, 
            capture_output=True, 
            text=True, 
            timeout=timeout
        )
        return result.stdout + result.stderr
    except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
        return f"Command timed out after {timeout} seconds"

# Commands run in the same session maintain state
commands = [
    "cd /tmp",
    "echo 'Hello' > test.txt",
    "cat test.txt"  # This works because we're still in /tmp
]

def truncate_output(output, max_lines=100):
    lines = output.split('\n')
    if len(lines) > max_lines:
        truncated = '\n'.join(lines[:max_lines])
        return f"{truncated}\n\n... Output truncated ({len(lines)} total lines) ..."
    return output

import logging

def log_command(command, output, user_id):
    logging.info(f"User {user_id} executed: {command}")
    logging.info(f"Output: {output[:200]}...")  # Log first 200 chars

def sanitize_output(output):
    # Remove potential secrets or credentials
    import re
    # Example: Remove AWS credentials
    output = re.sub(r'aws_access_key_id\s*=\s*\S+', 'aws_access_key_id=***', output)
    output = re.sub(r'aws_secret_access_key\s*=\s*\S+', 'aws_secret_access_key=***', output)
    return output

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Keamanan

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Rekomendasi utama

• Gunakan ulimit untuk menetapkan batasan sumber daya
• Filter perintah berbahaya (sudo, rm -rf, dll.)
• Jalankan dengan izin pengguna minimal
• Pantau dan catat semua eksekusi perintah

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Harga

• Command outputs (stdout/stderr)
• Error messages
• Large file contents

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Pola umum

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Alur kerja pengembangan

• Menjalankan tes: pytest && coverage report
• Membangun proyek: npm install && npm run build
• Operasi Git: git status && git add . && git commit -m "message"

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Operasi file

• Memproses data: wc -l *.csv && ls -lh *.csv
• Mencari file: find . -name "*.py" | xargs grep "pattern"
• Membuat cadangan: tar -czf backup.tar.gz ./data

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Tugas sistem

• Memeriksa sumber daya: df -h && free -m
• Manajemen proses: ps aux | grep python
• Penyiapan lingkungan: export PATH=$PATH:/new/path && echo $PATH

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Keterbatasan

• Tidak ada perintah interaktif: Tidak dapat menangani vim, less, atau prompt kata sandi
• Tidak ada aplikasi GUI: Hanya baris perintah
• Cakupan sesi: Bertahan dalam percakapan, hilang di antara panggilan API
• Batas output: Output besar mungkin dipotong
• Tidak ada streaming: Hasil dikembalikan setelah selesai

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Menggabungkan dengan alat lain

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Langkah berikutnya